• Quantitative risk assessment and hazard quantification span chemical and microbial risks across processing and production, integrating residue, packaging, and pathogen data to inform safety thresholds [4], [14], [15], [16], [17], [20].

• Epidemiology of outbreaks and the role of food workers and supply-chain settings are analyzed to characterize outbreak dynamics, intervention points, and transmission pathways [1], [3].

• Population-level nutrition surveillance links fruit/vegetable intake to cancer and cardiovascular risk, emphasizing dietary exposure and global burden implications across cohorts [5], [8], [12], [18], [19].

• Policy, governance, and resource constraints shape food safety capacity, local control resources, and the resilience of food systems, informing regulation and investment needs [2], [7].

• Environmental contaminants in food (heavy metals, arsenic) and exposure risk are quantified to inform public health protection and regulatory limits [9], [15].